Cisplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCis and trans: In genetics, cis and trans are terms used to describe the relative physical locations of genes or genetic elements. If two genes are in cis, this means that they are physically located on the same DNA molecule. If two genes are in trans, this means that they are physically located on two different-acting regulatory element: a DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth. sequenceplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigSequence: the precise order of monomers in a polymer. In DNA, it refers to the order of G, A, T, and C nucleotides. In RNA, it refers to the order of G, A, U, and C nucleotides. In proteins, it refers to the order of amino acids. that is usually located near and controls the expressionplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigExpression: a term used to describe the idea that the function of a gene is apparent and can be observed. Genes may not always be expressed all the time in all places. of a geneplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-) or genesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-). Includes elements such as enhancersplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEnhancer: a more inclusive term for a UAS. One reason this is a more inclusive term is because not all enhancers are located upstream of genes; some enhancers are located downstream of a gene, and in some cases can even be located inside a gene. (e.g., $UAS_{GAL}$), repressorsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigRepressor: a DNA binding protein that binds to negatively acting cis-acting elements such as operators in bacteria to inhibit transcription. Compare to negative regulator. (e.g., $URS_{GAL}$), operatorsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigOperator: in bacterial genetics, an operator is a cis-acting genetic element that negatively regulates the expression of nearby genes. $lacO$ of the Lac operon is an example of an operator. (e.g., $lacO$), promotersplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigPromoter: has multiple closely related but subtly different meanings depending on context:

* In bacteria, a promoter is a cis-acting DNA sequence near the transcription start site of a gene or operon that binds to bacterial RNA polymerase. * In eukaryotes, the formal definition of a promoter (also called a basal promoter) is a RNA (e.g., the $GAL4$ promoterplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigPromoter: has multiple closely related but subtly different meanings depending on context:

* In bacteria, a promoter is a cis-acting DNA sequence near the transcription start site of a gene or operon that binds to bacterial RNA polymerase. * In eukaryotes, the formal definition of a promoter (also called a basal promoter) is a RNA that contains the TATA boxplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigTATA box: a short DNA sequence (usually just 6 bp long) that is part of most eukaryotic promoters located around 35-40 bp upstream of the transcription start site. It is the binding site for TATA binding protein (TBP).; another example is $lacP$ in E. coliplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEscherichia coli: an enteric bacterium used both as a model organism and as a utility organism in genetics research. E. coli is commonly used to host various cloning vectors, such as plasmids, cosmids, F factors, and bacterial artificiak chromosomes (BACs).), etc.