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--- chapter_16 [2025/05/15 13:33] – [Totipotent mouse embryonic stem cells] mike
+++ chapter_16 [2025/05/16 21:53] (current) – [Creating knockout mice] mike
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 ===== Creating knockout mice =====
-The next step is to create a mouse in which every cell in the mouse contains the genetic alteration you just created in ES cells. The first thing to note is that the ES cells in which we knocked out gene X are from a mouse strain that has gray fur. We will inject these ES cells into a new blastocyst embryo that comes from a mouse strain that has white fur (Fig. {{ref>Fig4}}). Usually, we will do this for a few dozen embryos, which are then implanted into foster mothers. Some pups born from these foster mothers will have both white and gray fur - they are chimeras. We then take male chimeric pups and breed them to white females. Since the gray fur phenotype is dominant, any chimeric father that has germ cells that formed from our modified ES cells will produce pups will all gray fur; these pups are then founders for a knockout mouse line (Fig. {{ref>Fig5}}).
+The next step is to create a mouse in which every cell in the mouse contains the genetic alteration you just created in ES cells. The first thing to note is that the ES cells in which we knocked out gene X are from a mouse strain that has gray fur. We will inject these ES cells into a new blastocyst embryo that comes from a mouse strain that has white fur (Fig. {{ref>Fig4}}). Usually, we will do this for a few dozen embryos, which are then implanted into foster mothers. Some pups born from these foster mothers will have both white and gray fur - they are chimeras. We then take male chimeric pups and breed them to white females. Since the gray fur phenotype is dominant, any chimeric father that has germ cells that formed from our modified ES cells will produce pups with all gray fur; these pups are then founders for a knockout mouse line (Fig. {{ref>Fig5}}).
 <figure Fig5>