TNBGGA: The No Bullshit Guide to Genetic Analysis

chapter_21 - [Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)]

mike (mike@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-10-25T08:20:40+00:00

Chapter 20Table of ContentsChapter 22 Polymorphisms in human DNA sequences Genomes and human genetics The methods of genetic analysis that you have been learning are applicable to to humans. However, we need to combine these genetic principles with an understanding of the physical realities of the human $white$$yellow$$white$$yellow$$0.5 \times 0.2 = 0.1$$0.1^{13}=10^{-12}$$LCT$$LCT$$LCT$$LCT$$LCT$$LCT$$LCT$$LCT$

chapter_18 - [The Hardy Weinberg equilibrium]

mike (mike@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-10-25T08:04:49+00:00

Chapter 17Table of ContentsChapter 19 Chapter 18. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium In earlier chapters, we have been carrying out genetic analysis using controlled crosses where the genotypes are known and we can breed organisms however we want. This approach works well when you are studying a model organism, such as $A/a$$\frac{A}{a}$$A$$a$$A$$f(A)$$a$$f(a)$$$p = f(A)\\ q = f(a)$$$p$$q$$p$$q$$p$$A$$p$$q$$$p + q = 1$$$$f(A/A) + f(A/a) + f(a/a) = 1$$$$p = f(A/A)+\frac{1}{2} f(A/a)\\ q = f(a/a)+\…

chapter_01 - [Meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells called gametes]

mike (mike@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-10-25T07:59:37+00:00

Table of ContentsStartChapter 02 Chapter 01. Mitosis and meiosis: a primer for genetics Why you should care about meiosis Meiosis is one of the most important and fundamental phenomena in all biology. All understanding of eukaryotic genetics must start with an understanding of meiosis, and all understanding of

chapter_02 - [Growing yeast in the lab]

mike (mike@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-10-25T07:54:15+00:00

Chapter 01Table of ContentsChapter 03 Chapter 02: Defining genes by function What is a gene? Why do we care? Generally speaking, the question “What is a gene?” has already largely been answered by scientists. Starting from Gregor Mendel's famous pea plant experiments in the 1860s to define the patterns of how observable traits (i.e., RNA $MATα$$MATa$$his3$$HIS3$$his2$$his3$$his3$$CUP1^r$$CUP1^+$$MATα$$MATa$$MATα$$MATa$$MATa$$MATα$$his3$$his3$$his3$$his3$$HIS3$$his3$$his3$$his…

chapter_16 - [Creating knockout mice]

mike (mike@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-17T04:53:15+00:00

Chapter 15Table of ContentsChapter 17 Chapter 16. Gene knockouts in multicellular model organisms Totipotent mouse embryonic stem cells Knocking out mouse genes, or deliberately targeting a specific gene for mutation (as opposed to creating random mutants with a chemical mutagen), is a much more complex process than making $X$$X$$X$$neo^R$$neo^R$$neo^R$$tk^{HSV}$$tk^{HSV}$$tk^{HSV}$$neo^R$$X$$tk^{HSV}$$tk^{HSV}$$tk^{HSV}$$tk^{HSV}$$X$$neo^R$$X$$X$

chapter_17 - [Viral vectors]

mike (mike@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-17T04:52:38+00:00

Chapter 16Table of ContentsChapter 18 Chapter 17. Newer tools for reverse genetics It is useful to briefly describe some newer technologies for reverse genetics that give researchers a bigger and more advanced toolbox for genetic analysis. Most of these tools are developed for use in mice, but generally they can be adapted to different model genetic organisms with some technical tweaks. $neo^R$$lox$$loxP$$loxP$$loxP$$loxP$$lox$$loxP$$loxP$$loxP$$loxP$$loxP$$neo^R$$loxP$$tk^{HSV}$$neo^R$$neo^R$$…

chapter_15 - [Human sickle cell disease: an introduction]

mike (mike@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-05-05T02:53:42+00:00

Chapter 14Table of ContentsChapter 16 Chapter 15. Transgenes in multicellular model organisms In the next two chapters we will examine some of the ways in which we can study gene function in higher eukaryotes, using the laboratory mouse Mus musculus as an example. A remarkable number of manipulations have been made to the mouse

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