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Chromosome: a structure that organizes dsDNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDouble-stranded DNA (dsDNA): DNA that consists of two complementary strands of ssDNA paired together via hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases G, A, T, and C. in a cell through interactions with various DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth. binding proteinsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigProtein: a molecule that is formed by the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Functions that proteins provide are what usually give organisms their phenotypes..
In prokaryotesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigProkaryote: an organism that does not have membrane bound organelles. In this book prokaryotes refer to bacteria. (bacteriaplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigBacteria: Single-celled organisms that also utilize DNA and the standard genetic code as all organisms on earth, but unlike eukaryotes do not have intracellular membranes and membrane-bound organelles. In this book we use bacteria and prokaryote interchangeably.), chromosomes usually have a circular dsDNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDouble-stranded DNA (dsDNA): DNA that consists of two complementary strands of ssDNA paired together via hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases G, A, T, and C. molecule. In eukaryotesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigeukaryote: organism whose cells have membrane bound organelles, including the nucleus., chromosomes are usually linear structures with two ends called telomeres. The dsDNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDouble-stranded DNA (dsDNA): DNA that consists of two complementary strands of ssDNA paired together via hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases G, A, T, and C. is organized around a repeating proteinplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigProtein: a molecule that is formed by the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Functions that proteins provide are what usually give organisms their phenotypes. structure called a histoneplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigHistone: in eukaryotes, histones are proteins that are used to organize DNA within the nucleus. Eight different individual histone proteins come together to form a structure called the histone octamer. octamer. dsDNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDouble-stranded DNA (dsDNA): DNA that consists of two complementary strands of ssDNA paired together via hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases G, A, T, and C. wrapped around a histoneplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigHistone: in eukaryotes, histones are proteins that are used to organize DNA within the nucleus. Eight different individual histone proteins come together to form a structure called the histone octamer. octamer is called a nucleosomeplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigNucleosome: In eukaryotes, approximately 146 bp of chromosomal DNA wraps around a histone octamer to form a nucleosome. The nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin., and nucleosomesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigNucleosome: In eukaryotes, approximately 146 bp of chromosomal DNA wraps around a histone octamer to form a nucleosome. The nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin. (together with many other DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth.-binding proteinsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigProtein: a molecule that is formed by the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Functions that proteins provide are what usually give organisms their phenotypes.) interact with each other to form a dynamic, folded structure called chromatinplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigChromatin: the collective structure of all proteins and DNA in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Nucleosomes are stacked in different configurations to form chromatin structures of different density. Chromatin structure is regulated by a variety of chromatin modifying enzymes..