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Genetic code: the code that matches codonsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCodon: a three nucleotide sequence that is read by the ribosome and specifies an amino acid that is added to a growing poplypeptide chain based on the genetic code. with specific amino acidsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigAmino acid: molecules that are polymerized to form proteins.. Since each codonplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCodon: a three nucleotide sequence that is read by the ribosome and specifies an amino acid that is added to a growing poplypeptide chain based on the genetic code. is 3 nucleotidesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigNucleotide: molecules that are polymerized to form nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). Includes dNTPs and NTPs. long (i.e., the genetic code is a triplet code) and there are 4 different RNA nucleotidesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigNucleotide: molecules that are polymerized to form nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). Includes dNTPs and NTPs. (G, A, U, and C), the genetic code could in theory specify up to $4^3=64$ different amino acidsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigAmino acid: molecules that are polymerized to form proteins.. But since there are only 20 different amino acidsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigAmino acid: molecules that are polymerized to form proteins. used to synthesize proteinsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigProtein: a molecule that is formed by the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Functions that proteins provide are what usually give organisms their phenotypes., the genetic code is redundant; that is, some amino acidsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigAmino acid: molecules that are polymerized to form proteins. can be specified by more than one codonplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCodon: a three nucleotide sequence that is read by the ribosome and specifies an amino acid that is added to a growing poplypeptide chain based on the genetic code.. Also, the genetic code also includes the start codonplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigStart codon: usually the first AUG RNA sequence starting from the 5' end of the mRNA and reading in the 3' direction. AUG signals the ribosome to start translation. AUG also codes for the amino acid methionine. and the stop codonsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigStop codon: a codon that instructs the ribosome to terminate translation. Stop codons are UGA, UAG, or UAA in the universal genetic code..