TNBGGA: The No Bullshit Guide to Genetic Analysis

Jacob and Monod found that the physical location of genesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-) relative to each other affected their function. Unlike eukaryotesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigeukaryote: organism whose cells have membrane bound organelles, including the nucleus., E. coliplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEscherichia coli: an enteric bacterium used both as a model organism and as a utility organism in genetics research. E. coli is commonly used to host various cloning vectors, such as plasmids, cosmids, F factors, and bacterial artificiak chromosomes (BACs). only has a single chromosomeplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigChromosome: a structure that organizes dsDNA in a cell through interactions with various DNA binding proteins.. Therefore, all genesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-) on the chromosomeplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigChromosome: a structure that organizes dsDNA in a cell through interactions with various DNA binding proteins. are on the same DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth. molecule. Note in Table 1 that $lacI^{-d}$ is dominantplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDominant: used to describe an allele, usually in comparison to wildtype. Dominant alleles will express their phenotype when combined with a wildtype allele. no matter whether it is on the same piece of DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth. as $lacZ^+$ (on the E. coliplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEscherichia coli: an enteric bacterium used both as a model organism and as a utility organism in genetics research. E. coli is commonly used to host various cloning vectors, such as plasmids, cosmids, F factors, and bacterial artificiak chromosomes (BACs). chromosomeplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigChromosome: a structure that organizes dsDNA in a cell through interactions with various DNA binding proteins.; another way to say this is “in cisplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCis and trans: In genetics, cis and trans are terms used to describe the relative physical locations of genes or genetic elements. If two genes are in cis, this means that they are physically located on the same DNA molecule. If two genes are in trans, this means that they are physically located on two different”) or a different piece of DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth. as $lacZ^+$ (on the $F'$ plasmidplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigPlasmid: a circular episome found in bacteria and yeast. Plasmids are commonly used as cloning vectors.; another way to say this is “in transplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCis and trans: In genetics, cis and trans are terms used to describe the relative physical locations of genes or genetic elements. If two genes are in cis, this means that they are physically located on the same DNA molecule. If two genes are in trans, this means that they are physically located on two different”). By contrast, $lacO^c$ is only dominantplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDominant: used to describe an allele, usually in comparison to wildtype. Dominant alleles will express their phenotype when combined with a wildtype allele. if it acts in cisplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCis and trans: In genetics, cis and trans are terms used to describe the relative physical locations of genes or genetic elements. If two genes are in cis, this means that they are physically located on the same DNA molecule. If two genes are in trans, this means that they are physically located on two different; that is, $lacO^c$ only exhibits its dominantplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDominant: used to describe an allele, usually in comparison to wildtype. Dominant alleles will express their phenotype when combined with a wildtype allele. effect when it is on the same piece of DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth. as $lacZ^+$. Jacob and Monod explained this by theorizing that the $lacI$ geneplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-) must produce a proteinplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigProtein: a molecule that is formed by the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Functions that proteins provide are what usually give organisms their phenotypes. that is able to diffuse and attach to either chromosomalplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigChromosome: a structure that organizes dsDNA in a cell through interactions with various DNA binding proteins. DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth. or $F'$ plasmidplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigPlasmid: a circular episome found in bacteria and yeast. Plasmids are commonly used as cloning vectors. DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth.. They further hypothesized that $lacO$ (which they also knew was very closely linkedplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigLinkage: two loci are linked to each other if they are less than 50 m.u. apart. Two loci are unlinked if they are either (1) greater than 50 m.u. apart on the same chromosome, or; (2) are on separate chromosomes. to $lacZ$) represented not a proteinplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigProtein: a molecule that is formed by the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Functions that proteins provide are what usually give organisms their phenotypes.-producing geneplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-) but rather a DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth. sequenceplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigSequence: the precise order of monomers in a polymer. In DNA, it refers to the order of G, A, T, and C nucleotides. In RNA, it refers to the order of G, A, U, and C nucleotides. In proteins, it refers to the order of amino acids. that controlled $lacZ$ expressionplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigExpression: a term used to describe the idea that the function of a gene is apparent and can be observed. Genes may not always be expressed all the time in all places. - and it only worked if $lacO$ was physically linkedplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigLinkage: two loci are linked to each other if they are less than 50 m.u. apart. Two loci are unlinked if they are either (1) greater than 50 m.u. apart on the same chromosome, or; (2) are on separate chromosomes. to $lacZ$ on the same piece of DNAplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid. The genetic material for nearly all life on Earth..