Upstreamplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigUpstream/downstream: These descriptors have different meanings depending on context:
* In genetics, these are terms used to describe directions on DNA, usually relative to the transcription start site of a gene. DNA sequences that are located in the same direction as the direction of activatorplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigTransactivator (activator): a DNA binding protein that binds to promoter sequences to activate the transcription of nearby genes. In the context of gene expression, “activator” is usually a synonym for transactivator. Compare with positive regulator. sequenceplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigSequence: the precise order of monomers in a polymer. In DNA, it refers to the order of G, A, T, and C nucleotides. In RNA, it refers to the order of G, A, U, and C nucleotides. In proteins, it refers to the order of amino acids. (UAS): In a general sense, a UAS is a cis-acting regulatory elementplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCis-acting regulatory element: a DNA sequence that is usually located near and controls the expression of a gene or genes. Includes elements such as enhancers (e.g., $UAS_{GAL}$), repressors (e.g., $URS_{GAL}$), operators (e.g., $lacO$), promoters (e.g., the $GAL4$ promoter that contains the TATA box; another example is $lacP$ in E. coli), etc., usually located significantly upstreamplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigUpstream/downstream: These descriptors have different meanings depending on context:
* In genetics, these are terms used to describe directions on DNA, usually relative to the transcription start site of a gene. DNA sequences that are located in the same direction as the direction of of the promoterplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigPromoter: has multiple closely related but subtly different meanings depending on context:
* In bacteria, a promoter is a cis-acting DNA sequence near the transcription start site of a gene or operon that binds to bacterial RNA polymerase. * In eukaryotes, the formal definition of a promoter (also called a basal promoter) is a RNA and TATA boxplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigTATA box: a short DNA sequence (usually just 6 bp long) that is part of most eukaryotic promoters located around 35-40 bp upstream of the transcription start site. It is the binding site for TATA binding protein (TBP)., to which transactivatorsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigTransactivator (activator): a DNA binding protein that binds to promoter sequences to activate the transcription of nearby genes. In the context of gene expression, “activator” is usually a synonym for transactivator. Compare with positive regulator. bind to activate transcriptionplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigRNA transcription: the process of RNA polymerase using the DNA sequence of a gene as a template to form an mRNA (in prokaryotes) or pre-mRNA (in eukaryotes). In most cases, “transcription” implies RNA transcription. of nearby genesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-).
Although the term “UAS” can in principle be used to describe any cisplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigCis and trans: In genetics, cis and trans are terms used to describe the relative physical locations of genes or genetic elements. If two genes are in cis, this means that they are physically located on the same DNA molecule. If two genes are in trans, this means that they are physically located on two different-acting upstreamplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigUpstream/downstream: These descriptors have different meanings depending on context:
* In genetics, these are terms used to describe directions on DNA, usually relative to the transcription start site of a gene. DNA sequences that are located in the same direction as the direction of sequenceplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigSequence: the precise order of monomers in a polymer. In DNA, it refers to the order of G, A, T, and C nucleotides. In RNA, it refers to the order of G, A, U, and C nucleotides. In proteins, it refers to the order of amino acids. that activates transcriptionplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigRNA transcription: the process of RNA polymerase using the DNA sequence of a gene as a template to form an mRNA (in prokaryotes) or pre-mRNA (in eukaryotes). In most cases, “transcription” implies RNA transcription., in practice the term enhancerplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEnhancer: a more inclusive term for a UAS. One reason this is a more inclusive term is because not all enhancers are located upstream of genes; some enhancers are located downstream of a gene, and in some cases can even be located inside a gene. is used more often to describe these sequencesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigSequence: the precise order of monomers in a polymer. In DNA, it refers to the order of G, A, T, and C nucleotides. In RNA, it refers to the order of G, A, U, and C nucleotides. In proteins, it refers to the order of amino acids. in a general sense. UAS tends to be used to specifically describe the enhancerplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEnhancer: a more inclusive term for a UAS. One reason this is a more inclusive term is because not all enhancers are located upstream of genes; some enhancers are located downstream of a gene, and in some cases can even be located inside a gene. of the yeastplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigYeast: in this book, refers to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a single-celled eukaryotic microbe used as a model genetic organism. See Chapter 02 $GAL1$ geneplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-).