TNBGGA: The No Bullshit Guide to Genetic Analysis

Frameshift mutationplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigMutation: a change in the DNA of a gene that results in a change of phenotype compared to a reference wildtype allele. See also: mutant.: an indelplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigIndel mutation: “Indel” is a portmanteau of “insertion” and “deletion”. Indels are mutations that insert or delete base pairs from a gene sequence. mutationplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigMutation: a change in the DNA of a gene that results in a change of phenotype compared to a reference wildtype allele. See also: mutant. in which the net number of base pairsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigBase pair: a term used to describe how nitrogenous bases (G, A, T/U, and C) in nucleic acids interact with each other via hydrogen bonds to form double-stranded molecules (including dsDNA, dsRNA, and DNA/RNA hybrids). G always pairs with C, and T/U always pairs with A. added or removed is not a multiple of three. This disrupts the open reading frameplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigOpen reading frame (ORF): an RNA sequence that begins with a start codon and continues for at least a defined distance (usually 100 codons, or 300 nucleotides long) without encountering an in-frame stop codon. and drastically alters the amino acidplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigAmino acid: molecules that are polymerized to form proteins. sequenceplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigSequence: the precise order of monomers in a polymer. In DNA, it refers to the order of G, A, T, and C nucleotides. In RNA, it refers to the order of G, A, U, and C nucleotides. In proteins, it refers to the order of amino acids. past the site of the indelplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigIndel mutation: “Indel” is a portmanteau of “insertion” and “deletion”. Indels are mutations that insert or delete base pairs from a gene sequence.; this usually results in a premature stop codonplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigStop codon: a codon that instructs the ribosome to terminate translation. Stop codons are UGA, UAG, or UAA in the universal genetic code..