Transgene: a geneplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigGene: read Chapters 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 for a definition of gene :-) usually from one organism that is introduced into a different organism for research purposes. Although technically plasmidsplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigPlasmid: a circular episome found in bacteria and yeast. Plasmids are commonly used as cloning vectors. and other episomesplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEpisome: a piece of DNA that exists separately from chromosomes and that can replicate and segregate during cell division. While all episomes are natural in origin, they are commonly exploited by researchers for genetics research. can carry transgenes into E. coliplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigEscherichia coli: an enteric bacterium used both as a model organism and as a utility organism in genetics research. E. coli is commonly used to host various cloning vectors, such as plasmids, cosmids, F factors, and bacterial artificiak chromosomes (BACs)., yeastplugin-autotooltip__default plugin-autotooltip_bigYeast: in this book, refers to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a single-celled eukaryotic microbe used as a model genetic organism. See Chapter 02, or other microbes, the term “transgene” tends to be used more for multicellular organisms.